Luminescence: Fluorescence present in all but black, green, and most blue sapphires (natural), varying degrees in all colors (synthetic) X-ray colors in some specimens from Sri Lanka, Kashmir, and Montana - dull red or yellow-orange Luster: Vitreous (glassy) to sub-adamantine (For specific sapphire color properties like pleochroism or luminescence colors, check out each sapphire color guide linked in the next section.)Ĭolor: All colors but red Possible color-zoning Typically, sapphires form as flat-ended prismatic, barrel-shaped, or bipyramidal crystals.īelow, we’ve listed sapphire’s mineral properties. Corundum minerals are composed of aluminum oxide. Sapphires are one of the two varieties of corundum, the other being ruby. Sapphire Specifications & Characteristics One reason sapphires are industrially useful is their high ranking on the Mohs mineral hardness scale, one of the properties we’ll discuss next. If you have a stainless steel or titanium model of the Apple Watch, it might contain sapphire glass! Outside of jewelry, sapphire has some important industrial applications, including:Įxtra durable windows (including ones used for infrared optics) Sapphire is the official state gemstone of Montana, USA, and Queensland, Australia. In this practice, blue sapphire, called Neelam, is a Saturn star stone while yellow sapphire, or Pukhraj, is a Jupiter stone.
Astrologically, sapphires are Taurus zodiac stones.Ĭertain sapphire colors are important in Ayurvedic (or Hindu) astrology. The stone is also a 5th, 45th, and 65th wedding anniversary gem. The sapphire birthstone honors those born in September, though it was historically a birthstone for April. Regardless of its color, sapphire is one of the four precious gemstones. What is the rarest color of sapphire? It’s not cut-and-dry, but most gemologists would say Kashmir blue or Padparadscha sapphires are rarest.ĭon’t recognize those terms? Don’t worry! This guide will break down every sapphire gemstone color and variety, along with this legendary gem’s history, prices, and meanings. Today, “sapphire blue” is its own color outside the gem, seen in various arts. In fact, the word “sapphire” described lapis lazuli and other blue gems until the Middle Ages. It’s difficult to separate sapphire from blue, despite the stone coming in a rainbow of other colors.
Besides its beautiful colors, people have revered sapphires for their alleged spiritual powers and durability in industrial applications. Sapphire is a corundum gemstone beloved for many reasons throughout history.
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